Platinum

Hafnium

mbandhingaké Platinum lan Hafnium

Platinum

Hafnium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

104

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74400647440586

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

Fm_ 3M

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Platinum punika logam paling langka saka kategori logam larang regane ..
Iklan Platinum diprodhuksi minangka prodhuk sampingan ores saka nikel.

Hafnium logam reaktif, Empu ora ketemu gratis ing alam.
metal Hafnium minangka predicated sawise Mendeleev rampung tabel périodik kang.

2.2 sumber

Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals

Miturut-produk Nyaring panggolekan Zirconium

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Antonio de Ulloa

Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1735

ing taun 1922

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

5 * 10^-7 %7 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000009 %~0.0000001 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Platinum logam utamané dipigunakaké ing perhiasan.
Platinum digunakake minangka katalis industri ing asam nitrat, silikon lan benzena.

Character length exceed error

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industri Kimia

Industry amunisi

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Industry Pharmaceutical, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, bullion, koin, Jewellery, patung, Statues

wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,772.00 ° C2,150.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,827.00 ° C5,400.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

perak Putih

Gray

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

3.505.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

300.00 MPa1,450.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

400.00 MPa1,520.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

2,800.00 m / s3,010.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

73.00 %ora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3532

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

2.281.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.441.23

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.721.16

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.722.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

870.00 kJ / mol658.50 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,791.00 kJ / mol1,440.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

ora Sumadhiya2,250.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

ora Sumadhiya3,216.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

1.82 g / amp-day1.66 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

5.65 eV3.90 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, anti Corrosion, ionisasi

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

7872

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ⁹ 6s ¹

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ² 6s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

7872

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

117106

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

7872

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

139.00 pm159.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

136.00 pm175.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

175.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

47.87 Amu178.49 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

9.09 cm3 / mol13.60 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

392.42 (-eV)81.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

392.42 pm319.64 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiya1.58

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

21.45 g / cm ³13.31 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

19.77 g / cm312.00 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

125.00 MPa445.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.07 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

61.00 GPA30.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

230.00 GPA110.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

168.00 GPA78.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.380.37

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

21.4513.31

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

0.00 H / mora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

105.00 nΩ · m331.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.10 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.03 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

205.30 kJ / mol0.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.13 J / (kg K)0.14 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.86 J / mol · K25.73 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

71.60 W / m · K23.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

8.80 μm / (m · K)5.90 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

510.50 kJ / mol661.10 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

19.70 kJ / mol25.10 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

565.00 kJ / mol703.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

41.60 J / mol.K43.60 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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