polonium

thulium

mbandhingaké polonium lan thulium

polonium

thulium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

16ora Sumadhiya

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

p pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

Transisi Post-

lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74400867440304

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

Pm-3M

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

221.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Polonium unsur radioaktif sing pisanan ditemokaké.

unsur polonium lan senyawa Highly radioaktif.

Sawijining logam campuran karo Beryllium menehi sumber neutron.

Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.

2.2 sumber

Mining, Ores logam

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Pierre Curie and Marie Curie

Per Teodor Cleve

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1898

ing taun 1879

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

ora Sumadhiya1 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~-9999 %~0.00000002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

2 ulah

2.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Polonium logam allotropes beda, kang digunakake ing piranti antistatic lan kanggo riset waé.

A 1 gram saka Polonium bisa tekan suhu 500 ° C, Empu kang digunakake minangka sumber panas kanggo peralatan papan.

Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.

2.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi

2.1.2 Ulah Medical

2.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

2.2 Properties biologi

2.2.1 keracunan

Highly Toxic

Unknown

2.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

2.2.3 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya

0 1970

2.3.1 ing Bone

0.00 ppmora Sumadhiya

0 170000

3 fisik

3.1 leleh Point

254.00 ° C1,545.00 ° C

27 3410

3.5 Boiling Point

962.00 ° C1,730.00 ° C

147 5660

3.8 katon

3.8.1 State fisik

Solid

3.8.2 warna

Silver

perak Gray

3.8.3 luster

metallic

3.9 atose

3.9.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

3.9.2 Brinell atose

ora Sumadhiya471.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.2 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya520.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.3 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

α-polonium

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

β-polonium

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2932

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

2.001.25

0.7 2.54

5.3.3 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

6.2.4 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.761.11

0.86 1.82

6.2.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

2.48ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

6.2.7 Allen Elektronegativitas

2.19ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

7.2 Electropositivity

7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.002.75

1.46 3.3

7.3 tenogo ionisasi

7.3.1 Level Energy 1st

812.10 kJ / mol596.70 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

7.4.1 Level Energy 2

ora Sumadhiya1,160.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

7.4.2 Level Energy 3rd

ora Sumadhiya2,285.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

7.6.2 Level Energy 4

ora Sumadhiya4,120.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

7.6.4 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

7.6.5 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

7.6.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

7.7.1 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

7.8.2 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

7.8.4 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

8.2.2 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

8.2.3 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

8.3.2 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

8.3.4 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

8.3.5 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

8.3.8 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

8.3.9 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

8.3.11 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

8.3.12 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

8.5.2 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

8.5.3 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

8.5.5 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

8.5.7 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

8.5.8 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

8.5.10 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

8.5.12 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

8.5.14 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

8.5.16 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

8.5.18 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

8.5.20 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

8.6 padha karo elektrokimia

3.90 g / amp-day2.10 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

8.7 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.14 5.65

8.8 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

9 atom

9.1 Panggil atom

8469

3 117

9.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ¹⁰ 6s ² 6p ⁴

[Xe] 4F ¹³ 6s ²

9.3 Struktur Crystal

Pénguapan (Mon)

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

9.3.2 Crystal pola

9.4 atom

9.4.1 Jumlah proton

8469

3 117

9.4.3 Jumlah Neutron

125100

4 184

9.4.6 Jumlah Èlèktron

8469

3 117

9.5 Radius saka Atom

9.5.1 Radius atom

168.00 pm176.00 pm

112 265

9.5.4 kovalen Radius

140.00 pm160.00 pm

96 260

9.5.6 Van der Waals Radius

197.00 pmora Sumadhiya

139 348

9.6 Bobot atom

209.00 Amu168.93 Amu

6.94 294

9.7 Volume atom

22.23 cm3 / mol18.10 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

9.9 Nomer atom jejer

9.9.1 unsur Previous

9.9.2 Sabanjure unsur

9.10 Potensi Valence Electron

ora Sumadhiya49.70 (-eV)

8 392.42

9.12 Constant pola

335.90 pm353.75 pm

228.58 891.25

10.2 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

10.3 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiya1.57

1.567 1.886

11 Teknik

11.1 Kapadhetan

11.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

9.20 g / cm ³9.32 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

11.1.3 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

9.40 g / cm38.56 g / cm3

0.512 20

11.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

11.4 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

11.5 meksa beluk

11.5.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.06 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

1.2.1 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

1.6 situs kelenturan

1.6.1 nyukur pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya30.50 GPA

1.3 222

1.9.1 pengaturan akeh

ora Sumadhiya44.50 GPA

1.6 462

1.10.1 Young kang pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya74.00 GPA

1.7 528

2.2 Poisson rasio

ora Sumadhiya0.21

0.032 0.47

2.4 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

3 Magnetic

3.1 Ciri Magnetic

3.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

9.329.32

0.53 4500

3.2.1 Nindakake Magnetic

nonmagnetic

paramagnetic

3.2.2 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

3.4.2 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

3.6 Properties Listrik

3.6.1 Property Listrik

Arman

3.6.2 resistivity

0.40 nΩ · m676.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

3.8.2 konduktivitas listrik

0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

3.10.1 elektron Affinity

183.30 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

4 termal

4.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.12 J / (kg K)0.16 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

4.5 Graham Kapasitas kalor

26.40 J / mol · K27.03 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

5.2 doyo termal

20.00 W / m · K16.90 W / m · K

6.3 429

5.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

6.2 Expansion termal

23.50 μm / (m · K)13.30 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

6.5 enthalpy

6.5.1 Enthalpy panguapan

60.30 kJ / mol191.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

6.7.1 Enthalpy saka Fusion

13.00 kJ / mol16.80 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

6.8.2 Enthalpy saka atomization

134.00 kJ / mol247.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

6.9 Standard molar Entropy

ora Sumadhiya74.00 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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