tembaga

Nickel

mbandhingaké tembaga lan Nickel

tembaga

Nickel

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

1110

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74405087440020

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

Fm_ 3M

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00225.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Tembaga arang ditemokaké ing wangun murni ing alam.

Tembaga Sulfat biasane digunakake ing racun tetanèn lan minangka algicide ing sistem banyu dimurnèkaké.

Seng logam ketemu (diwenehi) ing akeh formulir kaya granules, foil, bledug lan ing wangun bubuk.
Sawise wesi, Seng logam kaloro paling akeh ing kerak bumi.

2.2 sumber

Found in Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Unknown

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

2.3.2 Discovery

Ing Timur Tengah (9000 SM)

ing 1751

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

6 * 10^-6 %6 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.00007 %~0.008 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.01 %1.30 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.01 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Iku digunakake kanggo koin lan bullion.
Akèh unsur tembaga digunakake ing Manufaktur Alat listrik lan elektronik kayata wirings lan komponen. Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing construction lan mesin industri.

Wis resistance karat lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo piring logam.
wesi banget migunani; alloy Nichrome digunakake ing kumparan panas saka toasters lan open listrik.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industri Kimia, Industry Elektronik

Industry automobile, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, koin, Jewellery

wesi

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

1.01 Sang / mg dm-30.05 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

26.00 ppm0.70 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,084.62 ° C1,453.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,562.00 ° C2,732.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

tembaga

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

3.004.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

235.00 MPa667.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

343.00 MPa638.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

3,810.00 m / s4,900.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

90.00 %72.00 %

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2925

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.901.91

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

1.981.94

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.751.75

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

1.49ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.851.88

0.659 2.7

1.3 Electropositivity

1.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.102.09

1.46 3.3

1.5 tenogo ionisasi

1.5.1 Level Energy 1st

745.50 kJ / mol737.10 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

1.8.1 Level Energy 2

1,957.90 kJ / mol1,753.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

1.10.1 Level Energy 3rd

3,555.00 kJ / mol3,395.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

2.4.2 Level Energy 4

5,536.00 kJ / mol5,300.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

2.4.3 Level Energy 5th

7,700.00 kJ / mol7,339.00 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

2.4.5 Level Energy 6th

9,900.00 kJ / mol10,400.00 kJ / mol

5715.8 105800

2.4.7 tingkat Energy 7

13,400.00 kJ / mol12,800.00 kJ / mol

7226.8 114300

2.4.9 Level Energy 8

16,000.00 kJ / mol15,600.00 kJ / mol

8857.4 125300

2.4.11 Level Energy 9

19,200.00 kJ / mol18,600.00 kJ / mol

14110 134700

2.4.13 Level Energy 10th

22,400.00 kJ / mol21,670.00 kJ / mol

17100 144300

3.2.4 Level Energy 11

25,600.00 kJ / mol30,970.00 kJ / mol

19900 169988

3.2.5 Level Energy 12

35,600.00 kJ / mol34,000.00 kJ / mol

22219 189368

4.1.1 Level Energy 13

38,700.00 kJ / mol37,100.00 kJ / mol

26930 76015

4.1.2 Level Energy 14

42,000.00 kJ / mol41,500.00 kJ / mol

29196 86450

4.2.1 Level Energy 15

46,700.00 kJ / mol44,800.00 kJ / mol

41987 97510

4.4.2 Level Energy 16

50,200.00 kJ / mol48,100.00 kJ / mol

47206 109480

4.4.3 Level Energy 17

53,700.00 kJ / mol55,101.00 kJ / mol

52737 122200

4.4.5 Level Energy 18

61,100.00 kJ / mol58,570.00 kJ / mol

58570 134810

4.4.6 Level Energy 19

64,702.00 kJ / mol148,700.00 kJ / mol

64702 148700

4.4.8 Level Energy 20

163,700.00 kJ / mol159,000.00 kJ / mol

80400 171200

4.5.1 Level Energy 21

174,100.00 kJ / mol169,400.00 kJ / mol

87000 179100

4.5.2 Level Energy 22

184,900.00 kJ / mol182,700.00 kJ / mol

93400 184900

4.6.2 Level Energy 23rd

198,800.00 kJ / mol194,000.00 kJ / mol

98420 198800

4.6.3 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

4.6.5 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.2.2 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.3.2 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.3.3 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.3.5 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.3.6 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.4 padha karo elektrokimia

1.19 g / amp-day1.10 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.5 Fungsi Work elektron

4.65 eV5.15 eV

2.14 5.65

5.7 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, Corrosion, ionisasi, kelarutan

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

2928

3 117

6.3 Konfigurasi elektron

[Ar] 3d ¹⁰ 4s ¹

[Ar] 3d ⁸ 4s ² Utawa [Ar] 3d ⁹ 4s ¹

6.4 Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.4.1 Crystal pola

6.5 atom

6.5.1 Jumlah proton

2928

3 117

6.5.4 Jumlah Neutron

3531

4 184

6.5.6 Jumlah Èlèktron

2928

3 117

6.6 Radius saka Atom

6.6.1 Radius atom

128.00 pm124.00 pm

112 265

6.6.3 kovalen Radius

132.00 pm124.00 pm

96 260

6.6.5 Van der Waals Radius

140.00 pm163.00 pm

139 348

6.7 Bobot atom

63.55 Amu58.69 Amu

6.94 294

6.8 Volume atom

7.10 cm3 / mol6.59 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.9 Nomer atom jejer

6.9.1 unsur Previous

6.9.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.10 Potensi Valence Electron

34.00 (-eV)42.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.11 Constant pola

361.49 pm352.40 pm

228.58 891.25

6.12 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.13 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

8.96 g / cm ³8.91 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.4 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

8.02 g / cm37.81 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiya345.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

1.53 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.4 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya19.50 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

48.00 GPA76.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.4 pengaturan akeh

140.00 GPA180.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.7 Young kang pengaturan

120.00 GPA200.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.340.31

0.032 0.47

7.8 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

8.898.90

0.53 4500

8.2.1 Nindakake Magnetic

diamagnetic

Ferromagnetic

8.2.2 permeabilitas

1.256629 * 10^-6 H / m0.00 H / m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.3.1 kelemahan

-9.63 * 10^-6600.00

-0.000166 200000

9.2 Properties Listrik

9.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

9.2.2 resistivity

16.78 nΩ · m69.30 nΩ · m

0.18 961

9.5.2 konduktivitas listrik

0.60 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.14 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

9.5.5 elektron Affinity

222.80 kJ / mol112.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

10 termal

10.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.38 J / (kg K)0.44 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

10.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

24.44 J / mol · K26.07 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

10.4 doyo termal

401.00 W / m · K90.90 W / m · K

6.3 429

10.6 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

10.9 Expansion termal

16.50 μm / (m · K)13.40 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

10.11 enthalpy

10.11.1 Enthalpy panguapan

283.70 kJ / mol371.80 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

11.1.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

7.11 kJ / mol17.57 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

11.1.4 Enthalpy saka atomization

338.90 kJ / mol422.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

11.3 Standard molar Entropy

33.20 J / mol.K29.90 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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