Niobium mungsuh Gadolinium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Nb
Gd
Panggil Group
5
13
0
18
Panggil periode
5
6
Block
d block
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
transisi Metal
lanthanide
CAS Number
7440031
99+
7440542
33
Jeneng papan Group
3M Im_
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Niobium iki digunakake kanggo njaluk disebut Columbium ing past.
- metal Niobium ketemu ing alam bebas (turah mbrawah).
- Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
- metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.
sumber
Miturut-produk saka Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Charles Hatchett
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
ing taun 1801
ing taun 1880
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-7 %
22
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.0000002 %
25
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
34
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
30
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
38
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
- wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
- Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
Low Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ora
Sang
0.01 Sang / mg dm-3
25
ora Sumadhiya
ing Bone
0.07 ppm
25
ora Sumadhiya
fisik Properties
leleh Point
2,468.00 ° C
6
1,311.00 ° C
35
Boiling Point
2,468.00 ° C
99+
3,233.00 ° C
25
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Gray
perak Putih
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
6.00
6
ora Sumadhiya
Brinell atose
735.00 MPa
14
ora Sumadhiya
Vickers atose
870.00 MPa
12
510.00 MPa
22
Kacepetan swara
3,480.00 m / s
21
2,680.00 m / s
34
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Nb
Gd
isotop
Isotop dikenal
17
22
26
13
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.60
23
1.20
39
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
1.42
16
ora Sumadhiya
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.23
25
1.11
29
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.41
31
ora Sumadhiya
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40
31
2.80
15
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
652.10 kJ / mol
99+
593.40 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,380.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,170.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
2,416.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,990.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
3,700.00 kJ / mol
99+
4,250.00 kJ / mol
30
Level Energy 5th
4,877.00 kJ / mol
36
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 6th
9,847.00 kJ / mol
11
ora Sumadhiya
tingkat Energy 7
12,100.00 kJ / mol
14
ora Sumadhiya
padha karo elektrokimia
0.69 g / amp-day
99+
1.96 g / amp-day
32
Fungsi Work elektron
4.30 eV
18
3.10 eV
35
Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
41
99+
64
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Kr] 4d 4 5S 1
[Xe] 4F 7 5d 1 6s 2
Struktur Crystal
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Crystal pola
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
41
99+
64
99+
Jumlah Neutron
52
99+
93
37
Jumlah Èlèktron
41
99+
64
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
146.00 pm
35
180.00 pm
14
kovalen Radius
164.00 pm
28
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
92.91 Amu
99+
47.87 Amu
99+
Volume atom
10.87 cm3 / mol
99+
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
104.00 (-eV)
8
46.10 (-eV)
34
Constant pola
330.04 pm
99+
363.60 pm
32
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
1.59
9
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
8.57 g / cm 3
99+
7.90 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya
7.40 g / cm3
31
Strength tensile
330.00 MPa
12
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
30
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
7.39 (Pa)
9
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
38.00 GPA
19
21.80 GPA
33
pengaturan akeh
170.00 GPA
10
37.90 GPA
34
Young kang pengaturan
105.00 GPA
20
54.80 GPA
35
Poisson rasio
0.40
4
0.26
23
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
8.57
37
7.90
40
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Arman
resistivity
152.00 nΩ · m
23
1.31 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
28
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
86.10 kJ / mol
12
50.00 kJ / mol
21
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.26 J / (kg K)
20
0.23 J / (kg K)
27
Graham Kapasitas kalor
24.60 J / mol · K
99+
37.03 J / mol · K
2
doyo termal
53.70 W / m · K
29
10.60 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
7.30 μm / (m · K)
99+
9.40 μm / (m · K)
99+
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
696.60 kJ / mol
4
359.40 kJ / mol
21
Enthalpy saka Fusion
27.20 kJ / mol
6
10.05 kJ / mol
36
Enthalpy saka atomization
745.00 kJ / mol
4
352.00 kJ / mol
27
Standard molar Entropy
36.40 J / mol.K
99+
68.10 J / mol.K
16
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