Niobium mungsuh tembaga
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Nb
Cu
Panggil Group
5
13
11
7
Panggil periode
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Family unsur
transisi Metal
transisi Metal
CAS Number
7440031
99+
7440508
37
Jeneng papan Group
3M Im_
Fm_ 3M
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Niobium iki digunakake kanggo njaluk disebut Columbium ing past.
- metal Niobium ketemu ing alam bebas (turah mbrawah).
- Tembaga arang ditemokaké ing wangun murni ing alam.
- Tembaga Sulfat biasane digunakake ing racun tetanèn lan minangka algicide ing sistem banyu dimurnèkaké.
sumber
Miturut-produk saka Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals
History
sing katutup
Charles Hatchett
Unknown
Discovery
ing taun 1801
Ing Timur Tengah (9000 SM)
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
6 * 10-6 %
12
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.00007 %
12
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
35
0.01 %
13
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
25
0.01 %
17
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
8
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 %
9
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
- Iku digunakake kanggo koin lan bullion.
- Akèh unsur tembaga digunakake ing Manufaktur Alat listrik lan elektronik kayata wirings lan komponen. Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing construction lan mesin industri.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industri Kimia, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi, koin, Jewellery
Properties biologi
keracunan
Low Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.01 Sang / mg dm-3
25
1.01 Sang / mg dm-3
8
ing Bone
0.07 ppm
25
26.00 ppm
12
fisik Properties
leleh Point
2,468.00 ° C
6
1,084.62 ° C
40
Boiling Point
2,468.00 ° C
99+
2,562.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Gray
tembaga
luster
metallic
NA
atose
Mohs atose
6.00
6
3.00
12
Brinell atose
735.00 MPa
14
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers atose
870.00 MPa
12
343.00 MPa
28
Kacepetan swara
3,480.00 m / s
21
3,810.00 m / s
19
Properties Optical
reflectivity
ora Sumadhiya
90.00 %
3
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Nb
Cu
isotop
Isotop dikenal
17
22
29
10
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.60
23
1.90
11
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
1.42
16
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.23
25
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.49
14
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.41
31
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40
31
2.10
99+
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
652.10 kJ / mol
99+
745.50 kJ / mol
22
Level Energy 2
1,380.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,957.90 kJ / mol
15
Level Energy 3rd
2,416.00 kJ / mol
99+
3,555.00 kJ / mol
15
Level Energy 4
3,700.00 kJ / mol
99+
5,536.00 kJ / mol
12
Level Energy 5th
4,877.00 kJ / mol
36
7,700.00 kJ / mol
11
Level Energy 6th
9,847.00 kJ / mol
11
9,900.00 kJ / mol
10
tingkat Energy 7
12,100.00 kJ / mol
14
13,400.00 kJ / mol
7
Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiya
16,000.00 kJ / mol
9
Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiya
19,200.00 kJ / mol
9
Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiya
22,400.00 kJ / mol
11
Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiya
25,600.00 kJ / mol
13
Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiya
35,600.00 kJ / mol
6
Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiya
38,700.00 kJ / mol
6
Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiya
42,000.00 kJ / mol
7
Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiya
46,700.00 kJ / mol
9
Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiya
50,200.00 kJ / mol
10
Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiya
53,700.00 kJ / mol
12
Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiya
61,100.00 kJ / mol
10
Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiya
64,702.00 kJ / mol
11
Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiya
163,700.00 kJ / mol
2
Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiya
174,100.00 kJ / mol
2
Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiya
184,900.00 kJ / mol
1
Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiya
198,800.00 kJ / mol
1
padha karo elektrokimia
0.69 g / amp-day
99+
1.19 g / amp-day
99+
Fungsi Work elektron
4.30 eV
18
4.65 eV
11
Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Kimia Stabilitas, Corrosion, ionisasi, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
41
99+
29
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Kr] 4d 4 5S 1
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 1
Struktur Crystal
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
41
99+
29
99+
Jumlah Neutron
52
99+
35
99+
Jumlah Èlèktron
41
99+
29
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
146.00 pm
35
128.00 pm
99+
kovalen Radius
164.00 pm
28
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
140.00 pm
99+
Bobot atom
92.91 Amu
99+
63.55 Amu
99+
Volume atom
10.87 cm3 / mol
99+
7.10 cm3 / mol
99+
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
104.00 (-eV)
8
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Constant pola
330.04 pm
99+
361.49 pm
35
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
8.57 g / cm 3
99+
8.96 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya
8.02 g / cm3
27
Strength tensile
330.00 MPa
12
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya
1.53 (Pa)
8
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
38.00 GPA
19
48.00 GPA
15
pengaturan akeh
170.00 GPA
10
140.00 GPA
12
Young kang pengaturan
105.00 GPA
20
120.00 GPA
17
Poisson rasio
0.40
4
0.34
10
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
8.57
37
8.89
34
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
diamagnetic
permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.256629 * 10-6 H / m
5
kelemahan
ora Sumadhiya
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Arman
resistivity
152.00 nΩ · m
23
16.78 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
28
0.60 10 6 / cm Ω
2
elektron Affinity
86.10 kJ / mol
12
222.80 kJ / mol
1
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.26 J / (kg K)
20
0.38 J / (kg K)
15
Graham Kapasitas kalor
24.60 J / mol · K
99+
24.44 J / mol · K
99+
doyo termal
53.70 W / m · K
29
401.00 W / m · K
2
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
7.30 μm / (m · K)
99+
16.50 μm / (m · K)
25
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
696.60 kJ / mol
4
283.70 kJ / mol
33
Enthalpy saka Fusion
27.20 kJ / mol
6
7.11 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka atomization
745.00 kJ / mol
4
338.90 kJ / mol
29
Standard molar Entropy
36.40 J / mol.K
99+
33.20 J / mol.K
99+
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