polonium

prometium

polonium mungsuh prometium

polonium

prometium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

16ora Sumadhiya

0 17

1.9 Panggil periode

2 7

1.15 Block

p pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

1.16 Family unsur

Transisi Post-

lanthanide

1.17 CAS Number

74400867440122

7429905 54386242

1.22 Jeneng papan Group

Pm-3M

ora Sumadhiya

1.23 Space Group Number

221.00ora Sumadhiya

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Polonium unsur radioaktif sing pisanan ditemokaké.

unsur polonium lan senyawa Highly radioaktif.

Sawijining logam campuran karo Beryllium menehi sumber neutron.

metal Prometium ditemokaké ing pitchblende.
Prometium logam logam Highly radioaktif.

2.2 sumber

Mining, Ores logam

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Pierre Curie and Marie Curie

Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1898

ing taun 1942

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5E-09 0.11

1.2.3 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~-9999 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

1.5.1 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.7E-07 22

1.10.2 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

9.9E-12 8.1

1.15.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

2E-23 1.1

3.1.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

4 ulah

4.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Polonium logam allotropes beda, kang digunakake ing piranti antistatic lan kanggo riset waé.

A 1 gram saka Polonium bisa tekan suhu 500 ° C, Empu kang digunakake minangka sumber panas kanggo peralatan papan.

Kang digunakake kanggo riset waé. jumlah cilik saka logam digunakake ing batre atom.

bosok radioaktif sawijining digunakake kanggo Phosphor kanggo menehi mati lampu. Lampu cemlorot diowahi dadi listrik.

4.1.2 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi

4.1.3 Ulah Medical

4.1.4 Ulah liyane

wesi

4.2 Properties biologi

4.2.1 keracunan

Highly Toxic

non Toxic

4.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

4.2.3 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

4.3.2 ing Bone

0.00 ppmora Sumadhiya

0 170000

5 fisik

5.1 leleh Point

254.00 ° C1,042.00 ° C

27 3410

6.4 Boiling Point

962.00 ° C3,000.00 ° C

147 5660

7.6 katon

7.6.1 State fisik

Solid

7.6.2 warna

Silver

Unknown

7.6.3 luster

metallic

7.7 atose

7.7.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

8.3.1 Brinell atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.14 3490

9.1.2 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121 3430

9.3 Kacepetan swara

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

818 16200

9.7 Properties Optical

9.7.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

10.2.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

10.3 allotropes

Ora

10.3.1 α allotropes

α-polonium

ora Sumadhiya

10.4.2 β allotropes

β-polonium

ora Sumadhiya

10.4.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

11 Kimia

11.1 Formula Kimia

11.2 isotop

11.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2927

0 38

11.4 keelektronegatifan

11.4.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

2.00ora Sumadhiya

0.7 2.54

12.1.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

12.6.1 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.761.07

0.86 1.82

12.9.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

2.48ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

13.2.2 Allen Elektronegativitas

2.19ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

13.5 Electropositivity

13.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.00ora Sumadhiya

1.46 3.3

13.7 tenogo ionisasi

13.7.1 Level Energy 1st

812.10 kJ / mol540.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

13.9.2 Level Energy 2

ora Sumadhiya1,050.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

13.9.6 Level Energy 3rd

ora Sumadhiya2,150.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

13.11.3 Level Energy 4

ora Sumadhiya3,970.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

13.11.6 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

13.11.9 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

13.12.1 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

14.1.3 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

14.1.7 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

14.1.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

14.2.4 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

14.2.9 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

15.1.2 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

15.2.3 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

15.4.1 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

15.5.1 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

15.5.3 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

15.6.4 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

15.6.7 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

15.6.10 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

15.7.1 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

15.7.3 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

15.8.1 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

15.9.1 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

16.1.1 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

16.1.2 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

16.4.2 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

16.4.3 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

16.4.5 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

16.4.7 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

16.6 padha karo elektrokimia

3.90 g / amp-day1.80 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

16.7 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.14 5.65

16.9 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

17 atom

17.1 Panggil atom

8461

3 117

17.3 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ¹⁰ 6s ² 6p ⁴

[Xe] 4F ⁵ 6s ²

17.4 Struktur Crystal

Pénguapan (Mon)

Double Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (DHCP)

17.4.1 Crystal pola

17.5 atom

17.5.1 Jumlah proton

8461

3 117

1.2.1 Jumlah Neutron

12584

4 184

1.6.1 Jumlah Èlèktron

8461

3 117

2.7 Radius saka Atom

2.7.1 Radius atom

168.00 pm183.00 pm

112 265

1.2.1 kovalen Radius

140.00 pm199.00 pm

96 260

1.3.1 Van der Waals Radius

197.00 pm236.00 pm

139 348

1.6 Bobot atom

209.00 Amu145.00 Amu

6.94 294

1.13 Volume atom

22.23 cm3 / mol22.39 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

1.14 Nomer atom jejer

1.14.1 unsur Previous

1.14.2 Sabanjure unsur

1.15 Potensi Valence Electron

ora Sumadhiya44.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

1.16 Constant pola

335.90 pmora Sumadhiya

228.58 891.25

1.2 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Unknown

1.5 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

3 Teknik

3.1 Kapadhetan

3.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

9.20 g / cm ³7.26 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

3.5.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

9.40 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

3.9 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

4.5 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

4.6 meksa beluk

4.6.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

5.1.1 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

5.3 situs kelenturan

5.3.1 nyukur pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya18.00 GPA

1.3 222

5.4.2 pengaturan akeh

ora Sumadhiya33.00 GPA

1.6 462

6.3.2 Young kang pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya46.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.4 Poisson rasio

ora Sumadhiya0.28

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

9.327.26

0.53 4500

8.1.4 Nindakake Magnetic

nonmagnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.5 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.2.2 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.4 Properties Listrik

8.4.1 Property Listrik

Arman

8.4.2 resistivity

0.40 nΩ · m0.75 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.5.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ωora Sumadhiya

0.00666 0.63

9.2.2 elektron Affinity

183.30 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

10 termal

10.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.12 J / (kg K)0.18 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

10.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

26.40 J / mol · Kora Sumadhiya

16.443 62.7

10.3 doyo termal

20.00 W / m · K17.90 W / m · K

6.3 429

10.5 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

10.7 Expansion termal

23.50 μm / (m · K)9.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

10.8 enthalpy

10.8.1 Enthalpy panguapan

60.30 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

7.32 799.1

10.8.4 Enthalpy saka Fusion

13.00 kJ / mol7.50 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

1.1.2 Enthalpy saka atomization

134.00 kJ / mol310.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

1.5 Standard molar Entropy

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

9.5 198.1

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