prometium mungsuh thorium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Pm
Th
Panggil Group
ora Sumadhiya
0
18
Panggil periode
6
7
Block
pemblokiran f
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
lanthanide
actinide
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7440326
99+
Jeneng papan Group
ora Sumadhiya
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
ora Sumadhiya
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Prometium ditemokaké ing pitchblende.
- Prometium logam logam Highly radioaktif.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
ing taun 1942
ing 1829
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
ora Sumadhiya
3 * 10-4 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0004 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
ora Sumadhiya
0.05 %
11
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
ora Sumadhiya
0.66 %
7
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 %
15
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- Kang digunakake kanggo riset waé. jumlah cilik saka logam digunakake ing batre atom.
- bosok radioaktif sawijining digunakake kanggo Phosphor kanggo menehi mati lampu. Lampu cemlorot diowahi dadi listrik.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
Ulah Industrial
NA
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
NA
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ya
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
37
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya
0.02 ppm
29
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,042.00 ° C
99+
1,750.00 ° C
17
Boiling Point
3,000.00 ° C
31
4,790.00 ° C
8
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Unknown
Silver
luster
metallic
NA
atose
Mohs atose
ora Sumadhiya
3.00
12
Brinell atose
ora Sumadhiya
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers atose
ora Sumadhiya
295.00 MPa
29
Kacepetan swara
ora Sumadhiya
2,490.00 m / s
36
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Pm
Th
isotop
Isotop dikenal
27
12
28
11
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.07
32
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
ora Sumadhiya
2.70
22
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
540.00 kJ / mol
99+
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,050.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
2,150.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
3,970.00 kJ / mol
38
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
padha karo elektrokimia
1.80 g / amp-day
36
2.16 g / amp-day
24
Fungsi Work elektron
ora Sumadhiya
3.41 eV
32
Properties Kimia liyane
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
61
99+
90
28
Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 5 6s 2
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Double Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (DHCP)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
61
99+
90
28
Jumlah Neutron
84
40
142
15
Jumlah Èlèktron
61
99+
90
28
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
183.00 pm
10
179.80 pm
15
kovalen Radius
199.00 pm
12
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
145.00 Amu
99+
232.04 Amu
23
Volume atom
22.39 cm3 / mol
12
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
44.10 (-eV)
39
59.30 (-eV)
23
Constant pola
ora Sumadhiya
508.42 pm
14
pola Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
7.26 g / cm 3
99+
11.72 g / cm 3
32
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
22
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
18.00 GPA
36
31.00 GPA
21
pengaturan akeh
33.00 GPA
36
54.00 GPA
22
Young kang pengaturan
46.00 GPA
38
79.00 GPA
24
Poisson rasio
0.28
17
0.27
20
Properties Teknik liyane
NA
ductile
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
7.26
99+
11.70
23
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
superconductor
resistivity
0.75 nΩ · m
99+
157.00 nΩ · m
22
konduktivitas listrik
ora Sumadhiya
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
elektron Affinity
50.00 kJ / mol
21
ora Sumadhiya
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.18 J / (kg K)
33
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
ora Sumadhiya
26.23 J / mol · K
30
doyo termal
17.90 W / m · K
99+
54.00 W / m · K
28
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
9.00 μm / (m · K)
99+
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
ora Sumadhiya
429.00 kJ / mol
15
Enthalpy saka Fusion
7.50 kJ / mol
99+
15.48 kJ / mol
19
Enthalpy saka atomization
310.00 kJ / mol
34
468.60 kJ / mol
15
Standard molar Entropy
ora Sumadhiya
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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