thorium mungsuh berkelium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Th
Bk
Panggil Group
0
18
ora Sumadhiya
Panggil periode
7
7
Block
pemblokiran f
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
actinide
actinide
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440406
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- X-ray Diffraction- senyawa sing beda saka logam Berkelium sing dikenali nggunakake.
- komersial saka logam Berkelium sing durung ditemokake.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Némbakaké Americium karo Alpha partikel.
History
sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
ing 1829
ing taun 1949
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
ora Sumadhiya
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~-9999 %
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %
11
ora Sumadhiya
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %
7
ora Sumadhiya
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
15
ora Sumadhiya
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- logam iki arang banget lan wis ora komersial.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
NA
Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
NA
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
Unknown
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ora
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
37
ing Bone
0.02 ppm
29
0.00 ppm
36
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C
17
986.00 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C
8
2,627.00 ° C
40
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
Silver
luster
NA
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
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Brinell atose
390.00 MPa
29
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Vickers atose
295.00 MPa
29
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Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s
36
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Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
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β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
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γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
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Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Th
Bk
isotop
Isotop dikenal
28
11
14
25
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.20
27
Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.70
1
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.70
22
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
601.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,186.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,152.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
3,434.00 kJ / mol
99+
padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day
24
3.07 g / amp-day
16
Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV
32
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
90
28
97
21
Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Rn] 5F 9 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (DHCP)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
90
28
97
21
Jumlah Neutron
142
15
150
11
Jumlah Èlèktron
90
28
97
21
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
179.80 pm
15
170.00 pm
22
kovalen Radius
206.00 pm
7
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Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
ora Sumadhiya
Bobot atom
232.04 Amu
23
247.00 Amu
18
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
ora Sumadhiya
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)
23
45.50 (-eV)
36
Constant pola
508.42 pm
14
341.60 pm
99+
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
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Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3
32
14.78 g / cm 3
22
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya
13.25 g / cm3
11
Strength tensile
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viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
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meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA
21
ora Sumadhiya
pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA
22
ora Sumadhiya
Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA
24
ora Sumadhiya
Poisson rasio
0.27
20
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Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70
23
14.00
14
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
superconductor
Arman
resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m
22
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konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
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termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
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Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K
30
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doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K
28
10.00 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
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Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
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enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol
15
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Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol
19
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Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol
15
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Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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