thorium mungsuh prometium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Th
Pm
Panggil Group
0
18
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Panggil periode
7
6
Block
pemblokiran f
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
actinide
lanthanide
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440122
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
ora Sumadhiya
Space Group Number
194.00
5
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facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- metal Prometium ditemokaké ing pitchblende.
- Prometium logam logam Highly radioaktif.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
ing 1829
ing taun 1942
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
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Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~-9999 %
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %
11
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Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %
7
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Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
15
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ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- Kang digunakake kanggo riset waé. jumlah cilik saka logam digunakake ing batre atom.
- bosok radioaktif sawijining digunakake kanggo Phosphor kanggo menehi mati lampu. Lampu cemlorot diowahi dadi listrik.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
NA
Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
NA
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ora
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
37
ing Bone
0.02 ppm
29
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fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C
17
1,042.00 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C
8
3,000.00 ° C
31
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
Unknown
luster
NA
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
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Brinell atose
390.00 MPa
29
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Vickers atose
295.00 MPa
29
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Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s
36
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Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
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β allotropes
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γ allotropes
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Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Th
Pm
isotop
Isotop dikenal
28
11
27
12
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
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Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.07
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
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tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
540.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,150.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
3,970.00 kJ / mol
38
padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day
24
1.80 g / amp-day
36
Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV
32
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
90
28
61
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Xe] 4F 5 6s 2
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (DHCP)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
90
28
61
99+
Jumlah Neutron
142
15
84
40
Jumlah Èlèktron
90
28
61
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
179.80 pm
15
183.00 pm
10
kovalen Radius
206.00 pm
7
199.00 pm
12
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
236.00 pm
16
Bobot atom
232.04 Amu
23
145.00 Amu
99+
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
22.39 cm3 / mol
12
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)
23
44.10 (-eV)
39
Constant pola
508.42 pm
14
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pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Unknown
Pola C / A rasio
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Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3
32
7.26 g / cm 3
99+
Strength tensile
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viskositas
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meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
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situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA
21
18.00 GPA
36
pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA
22
33.00 GPA
36
Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA
24
46.00 GPA
38
Poisson rasio
0.27
20
0.28
17
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70
23
7.26
99+
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
superconductor
Arman
resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m
22
0.75 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
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elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya
50.00 kJ / mol
21
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
0.18 J / (kg K)
33
Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K
30
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doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K
28
17.90 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
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Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
9.00 μm / (m · K)
99+
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol
15
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Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol
19
7.50 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol
15
310.00 kJ / mol
34
Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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