thulium

Praseodymium

thulium mungsuh Praseodymium

thulium

Praseodymium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74403047440100

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.

Praseodymium logam sintetik diprodhuksi logam.
Praseodymium digunakake minangka bahan bakar kanggo generator radioaktif.

2.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Per Teodor Cleve

Not Available

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1879

ing taun 1885

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

1 * 10^-8 %2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.00000002 %~0.0000001 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.

Gunakake utama Praseodymium kalebu wesi. Praseodymium -Magnesium alloy digunakake ing mesin pesawat amarga kekuatan dhuwur.
metal iki uga digunakake nalika nggawe wesi sembrani permanen.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industri Kimia

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

wesi

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Unknown

arep Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,545.00 ° C935.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,730.00 ° C3,130.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

perak Gray

klawu putih

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

471.00 MPa481.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

520.00 MPa400.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

ora Sumadhiya2,280.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3231

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.251.13

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.111.07

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.752.87

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

596.70 kJ / mol527.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,160.00 kJ / mol1,020.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,285.00 kJ / mol2,086.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

4,120.00 kJ / mol3,761.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiya5,551.00 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

2.10 g / amp-day1.75 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiya2.70 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

6959

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹³ 6s ²

[Xe] 4F ³ 6s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

6959

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

10082

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

6959

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

176.00 pm182.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

160.00 pm203.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

ora Sumadhiya239.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

168.93 Amu140.91 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

18.10 cm3 / mol20.80 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

49.70 (-eV)42.64 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

353.75 pm367.25 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

1.571.61

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

9.32 g / cm ³6.77 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

8.56 g / cm36.50 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.06 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya13.20 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

30.50 GPA14.80 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

44.50 GPA28.80 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

74.00 GPA37.30 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.210.28

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

9.326.77

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

676.00 nΩ · m0.70 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

50.00 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.16 J / (kg K)0.19 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

27.03 J / mol · K27.20 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

16.90 W / m · K12.50 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

1.2 Expansion termal

13.30 μm / (m · K)6.70 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

1.3 enthalpy

1.3.1 Enthalpy panguapan

191.00 kJ / mol296.80 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

1.3.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

16.80 kJ / mol6.89 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

1.5.1 Enthalpy saka atomization

247.00 kJ / mol368.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

1.7 Standard molar Entropy

74.00 J / mol.K73.20 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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