Radium vs Thallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra
Tl
Group Number
2
16
13
5
Period Number
7
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440144
99+
7440280
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
William Crookes
Discovery
In 1898
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-9 %
32
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
20
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Research
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
34
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C
99+
303.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C
99+
1,457.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
26.50 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
818.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra
Tl
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90
99+
1.62
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.25
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92
20
1.96
6
Allen Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.79
13
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10
5
2.38
33
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
589.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol
14
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,878.00 kJ/mol
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
7.63 g/amp-hr
2
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.84 eV
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88
30
81
35
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
88
30
81
35
Number of Neutrons
138
16
123
20
Number of Electrons
88
30
81
35
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm
3
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm
4
196.00 pm
30
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu
26
204.38 amu
31
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol
4
17.20 cm3/mol
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)
99+
9.60 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm
13
345.66 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.60
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3
99+
11.85 g/cm3
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
11.22 g/cm3
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
16.90 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
2.80 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
28
Young's Modulus
Not Available
8.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.45
2
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.00
99+
11.85
22
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m
31
0.18 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.06 106/cm Ω
32
Electron Affinity
Not Available
19.20 kJ/mol
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K
99+
46.10 W/m·K
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
29.90 µm/(m·K)
12
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
162.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
4.27 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
179.90 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K
14
64.20 J/mol.K
19
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