Magnesium vs Molybdenum
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Mo
Group Number
2
16
6
12
Period Number
3
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7439987
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovery
In 1755
In 1778
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
5 * 10-7 %
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
9
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
2,617.00 °C
5
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
4,612.00 °C
9
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
1,370.00 MPa
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,400.00 MPa
6
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
5,400.00 m/s
6
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
58.00 %
15
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Mo
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
2.16
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
1.15
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.30
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
2.16
3
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
1.84
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
684.30 kJ/mol
37
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol
37
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
2,618.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
4,480.00 kJ/mol
26
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
5,257.00 kJ/mol
32
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
6,640.80 kJ/mol
22
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
12,125.00 kJ/mol
13
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
13,860.00 kJ/mol
16
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
15,835.00 kJ/mol
16
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
17,980.00 kJ/mol
18
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
20,190.00 kJ/mol
17
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
22,219.00 kJ/mol
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available
26,930.00 kJ/mol
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available
29,196.00 kJ/mol
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available
52,490.00 kJ/mol
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available
55,000.00 kJ/mol
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available
61,400.00 kJ/mol
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available
67,700.00 kJ/mol
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available
74,000.00 kJ/mol
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available
80,400.00 kJ/mol
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available
87,000.00 kJ/mol
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
98,420.00 kJ/mol
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available
104,400.00 kJ/mol
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available
121,900.00 kJ/mol
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available
127,700.00 kJ/mol
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available
133,800.00 kJ/mol
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available
139,800.00 kJ/mol
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available
148,100.00 kJ/mol
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available
154,500.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
4.60 eV
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
42
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
42
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
54
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
42
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
139.00 pm
39
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
154.00 pm
32
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
95.95 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
9.40 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
88.60 (-eV)
13
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
314.70 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
10.28 g/cm3
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
9.33 g/cm3
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available
324.00 MPa
13
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
26
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
126.00 GPa
8
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
230.00 GPa
6
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
329.00 GPa
6
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
10.22
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
53.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.19 106/cm Ω
11
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
71.90 kJ/mol
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.25 J/(kg K)
21
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
138.00 W/m·K
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
4.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
594.10 kJ/mol
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
27.61 kJ/mol
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
653.00 kJ/mol
7
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
28.70 J/mol.K
99+
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