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Magnesium vs Molybdenum

Magnesium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Mo   
Group Number
2   
16
6   
12
Period Number
3   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.30   
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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