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Magnesium vs Lead

Magnesium
Lead
Lead vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg  
Pb  
Group Number
2  
16
14  
4
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439954  
99+
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black  
-  
Discovery
In 1755  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %  
3
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %  
2
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %  
2
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %  
4
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %  
2
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %  
5
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
650.00 °C  
99+
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.49  
37
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
74.00 %  
9
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mg  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31  
32
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32  
24
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37  
30
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.29  
99+
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69  
23
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV  
40
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
12  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
12  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm  
99+
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm  
99+
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
24
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa  
29
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
33
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K  
8
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
923.00 K  
99+
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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