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What is Sodium?
Sodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
-
Group Number
1 17
Period Number
3 5
Block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
CAS Number
7440235 57
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00 2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 7
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 % 6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 % 5
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 % 1
Abundance In Humans
0.14 % 4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3 1
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m. 2
Physical
Melting Point
97.72 °C 75
Boiling Point
883.00 °C 73
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.50 24
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa 68
Vickers Hardness
0.69 MPa 70
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s 35
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.33 42
Reflectivity
53.00 % 28
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
-
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17 22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93 49
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56 50
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01 36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91 49
Allen Electronegativity
0.87 62
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07 6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 85
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol 4
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol 6
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol 5
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol 4
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol 4
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol 4
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol 4
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol 4
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol 2
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol 2
12th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol 83
13th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol 74
14th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 90
15th Energy Level
49,500.00 kJ/mol 74
16th Energy Level
49,500.00 kJ/mol 61
17th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 89
18th Energy Level
4,960.00 kJ/mol 74
19th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 88
20th Energy Level
496.00 kJ/mol 78
21st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 87
22nd Energy Level
495.00 kJ/mol 72
23rd Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 83
24th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 84
25th Energy Level
496.00 kJ/mol 76
26th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 84
27th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 79
28th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 82
29th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 85
30th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol 79
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr 66
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV 51
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
11 90
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
11 89
Number of Neutrons
12 67
Number of Electrons
11 89
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm 11
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm 29
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm 26
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu 84
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol 14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
25
Next Element
10
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV) 64
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm 22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.01 63
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3 87
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3 88
Tensile Strength
10.00 MPa 50
Viscosity
0.00 5
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 41
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa 63
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa 62
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa 67
Poisson Ratio
0.37 7
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.97 84
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 6
Susceptibility
0.00 24
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m 43
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω 9
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol 24
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K) 3
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K 13
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K 11
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K 10
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K) 4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol 80
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol 66
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol 69
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K 39
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