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What is Potassium?
Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K
Group Number
1 17
Period Number
4 4
Block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
CAS Number
7440097 70
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00 2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 % 9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 % 6
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 % 3
Abundance In Humans
0.20 % 3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
-
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3 2
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m. 3
Physical
Melting Point
63.65 °C 77
Boiling Point
774.00 °C 74
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.40 25
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa 69
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa 63
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s 62
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.33 42
Reflectivity
72.00 % 11
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
K
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20 19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82 52
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45 51
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91 40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73 52
Allen Electronegativity
0.73 64
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18 3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol 87
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol 5
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol 8
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol 18
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol 14
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol 19
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol 17
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol 13
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol 15
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol 3
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol 4
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol 15
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol 4
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol 5
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol 13
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol 7
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol 8
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol 76
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 89
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol 79
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 88
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol 73
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 84
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 85
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 77
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 85
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 81
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 84
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol 86
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol 80
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr 51
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV 56
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
19 87
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
19 86
Number of Neutrons
20 65
Number of Electrons
19 86
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm 4
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm 9
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm 7
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu 81
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol 4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
17
Next Element
12
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV) 67
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm 13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.69 10
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3 88
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3 89
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa 47
Viscosity
0.00 9
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 34
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa 66
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa 64
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa 71
Poisson Ratio
0.35 9
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.86 86
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 13
Susceptibility
0.00 23
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m 37
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω 16
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol 27
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K) 6
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K 8
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K 15
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K 14
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K) 3
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol 81
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol 67
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol 70
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K 19
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