Neptunium vs Thallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Np
Tl
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439998
99+
7440280
99+
Space Group Name
Pnma
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
62.00
11
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
William Crookes
Discovery
In 1940
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-9 %
32
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
34
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C
99+
303.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C
13
1,457.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
26.50 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
818.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np
Tl
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
1.62
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.25
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.96
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.79
13
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
2.38
33
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
589.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol
14
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol
32
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
7.63 g/amp-hr
2
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.84 eV
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93
25
81
35
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
93
25
81
35
Number of Neutrons
144
14
123
20
Number of Electrons
93
25
81
35
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm
30
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
196.00 pm
30
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu
22
204.38 amu
31
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
17.20 cm3/mol
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)
9
9.60 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm
3
345.66 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.60
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3
14
11.85 g/cm3
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
11.22 g/cm3
13
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
16.90 (Pa)
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
2.80 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
28
Young's Modulus
Not Available
8.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.45
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
20.25
6
11.85
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
0.18 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω
32
Electron Affinity
Not Available
19.20 kJ/mol
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K
8
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K
99+
46.10 W/m·K
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
29.90 µm/(m·K)
12
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
162.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
4.27 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
179.90 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
64.20 J/mol.K
19
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