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niobiu
niobiu

rubidiu
rubidiu



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niobiu vs rubidiu

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1 Tabelul periodic
1.1 Simbol
Nb
Rb
1.2 Număr grup
Tennessine Metal
5
Rank: 13 (Overall)
1
Rank: 17 (Overall)
gadoliniu Metal
ADD ⊕
1.3 perioada Număr
Uraniu Metal
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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1.4 bloc
d block
s block
1.5 Element de familie
metal de tranziție
alcaliu
1.6 Numărul CAS
roentgeniu Metal
7440031
Rank: 76 (Overall)
7440177
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Aluminiu Metal
1.8 Nume grup spațiu
3m Im_
3m Im_
1.9 Număr spațiu grup
Sodiu Metal
229,00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
229,00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Plutoniu Metal
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2 Fapte
2.1 Fapte interesante
  • de metal niobiu a fost utilizat pentru a obține numit Columbiul în trecut.
  • Niobiu de metal găsite în mod liber în natură (abundență).
  • Rubidiu de metal este un element al 16-lea cel mai frecvent găsit în scoarța terestră.
  • metalice rubidiu, de asemenea, găsite în minerale precum și apa de mare.
2.2 surse
Produs secundar al Tin Extracția, S-au găsit în minerale, Minerit, Minereurile de minerale
S-a obținut din producția de litiu.
2.3 Istorie
2.3.1 care a descoperit
Charles Hatchett
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Descoperire
în 1801
în 1861
2.4 Abundenţă
2.4.1 Abundenței În Universul
Fier Metal
2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
1 * 10-6 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
taliu Metal
3.1.1 Abundenței În Soare
Fier Metal
~0.0000004 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
~0.000003 %
Rank: 17 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
ADD ⊕
3.4.2 Abundenței În Meteoriți
Fier Metal
0,00 %
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0,00 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Aur Metal
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3.4.4 Abundenței în scoarța Pământului
Aluminiu Metal
0,00 %
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0,01 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Radiu Metal
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3.4.6 Abundenței în oceanele
Sodiu Metal
0,00 %
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0,00 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
protactiniu Metal
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3.5.2 Abundenței la om
Calciu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
0,00 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Radiu Metal
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4 utilizări
4.1 Utilizări și beneficii
Character length exceed error
  • cererea principală a rubidiu este în fabricarea sticlei.
  • Rubidiu poate ajunge foarte ușor ionizat și, prin urmare, este utilizat pentru motoarele de ioni, dar este mai puțin eficientă decât cea a Cesiu.
4.1.1 Utilizări industriale
industria aerospațială, industria de muniție, industria electrotehnică, industria electronică
N / A
4.1.2 Utilizări medicale
N / A
N / A
4.1.3 alte utilizări
Aliaje
Aliaje, Scopuri de cercetare
4.2 Proprietățile biologice
4.2.1 Toxicitate
Toxic scăzut
non Toxic
4.2.3 Prezent în corpul uman
da
da
4.2.4 in Blood
Sodiu Metal
0,01 Sânge / mg dm-3
Rank: 25 (Overall)
2,49 Sânge / mg dm-3
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Plutoniu Metal
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4.3.1 in Bone
Calciu Metal
0,07 ppm
Rank: 25 (Overall)
5,00 ppm
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Plutoniu Metal
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5 Fizic
5.1 Punct de topire
Tungsten Metal
2.468,00 ° C
Rank: 6 (Overall)
38,89 ° C
Rank: 78 (Overall)
franciu Metal
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5.3 Punct de fierbere
Tungsten Metal
2.468,00 ° C
Rank: 45 (Overall)
688,00 ° C
Rank: 74 (Overall)
Fleroviu Metal
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5.6 Aspect
5.6.1 Stare fizică
Solid
Solid
5.6.2 Culoare
Gri
grayish alb
5.6.3 Luciu
Metalic
N / A
5.7 Duritate
5.7.1 Mohs Duritate
Crom Metal
6,00
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0,30
Rank: 24 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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5.9.1 Duritatea Brinell
Osmiu Metal
735,00 MPa
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0,22 MPa
Rank: 55 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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6.1.2 Duritatea Vickers
Tungsten Metal
870,00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Paladiu Metal
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6.2 Viteza sunetului
tehnețiu Metal
3.480,00 Domnișoară
Rank: 21 (Overall)
1.300,00 Domnișoară
Rank: 50 (Overall)
taliu Metal
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6.4 Proprietăți optice
6.4.1 Indicele de refractie
Paladiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercur Metal
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6.5.1 reflexiei
Argint Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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6.7 forme alotropice
Nu
Nu
6.7.1 alfa forme alotropice
Nu e disponibil
Nu e disponibil
6.7.2 p forme alotropice
Nu e disponibil
Nu e disponibil
6.7.3 y forme alotropice
Nu e disponibil
Nu e disponibil
7 Chimic
7.1 Formula chimica
Nb
Rb
7.2 izotopii
7.2.1 Izotopi cunoscute
Paladiu Metal
17
Rank: 22 (Overall)
29
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
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7.3 Electronegativitate
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativitate
Aur Metal
1,60
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0,82
Rank: 51 (Overall)
franciu Metal
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7.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativitate
Cobalt Metal
1,42
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0,31
Rank: 32 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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7.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativitate
Galiu Metal
1,23
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0,89
Rank: 40 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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7.5.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativitate
Poloniu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
0,69
Rank: 24 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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8.1.2 Allen Electronegativitate
berkelium Metal
1,41
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0,71
Rank: 46 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
8.2 Electropositivity
8.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
franciu Metal
2,40
Rank: 31 (Overall)
3,18
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Aur Metal
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8.4 Energiile ionizarea
8.4.1 Primul nivel de energie
Crom Metal
652,10 kJ / mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
403,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 88 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
8.4.4 Nivelul 2 Energie
Crom Metal
1.380,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
2.633,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Ruteniu Metal
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9.1.1 3rd Level Energy
Crom Metal
2.416,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
3.860,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Osmiu Metal
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9.3.1 4a Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
3.700,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
5.080,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
toriu Metal
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9.4.1 A 5 Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
4.877,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
6.850,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
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9.6.2 A 6 Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
9.847,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
8.140,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
seaborgiu Metal
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9.6.5 Nivelul de energie al 7-lea
Crom Metal
12.100,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
9.570,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
bohrium Metal
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9.7.1 A 8-Level Energy
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
13.120,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
hassiu Metal
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9.7.2 Al 9-lea nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
14.500,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
itriu Metal
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9.7.3 A 10 Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
26.740,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Stronţiu Metal
9.7.4 11 Nivelul de energie
Magneziu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
itriu Metal
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9.7.5 12 Nivelul de energie
Magneziu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.6 13 Nivel de energie
Titan Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.7 14 Nivel de energie
vanadiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.8 15 Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mangan Metal
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9.7.9 16 Nivelul de energie
Mangan Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Fier Metal
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9.7.10 17 Nivelul de energie
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
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9.7.11 18 Nivelul de energie
Cobalt Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nichel Metal
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9.7.12 19 Nivel de energie
Nichel Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cupru Metal
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9.7.13 20 Nivelul de energie
Zinc Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.14 21 Nivelul de energie
Zinc Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.15 22 Nivelul de energie
Cupru Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.16 23 Nivelul de energie
Cupru Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
ADD ⊕
9.7.17 24 Nivelul de energie
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
ADD ⊕
9.7.18 25 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.19 26 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.20 27 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.21 28 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.22 29 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.23 30 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.8 echivalent electrochimică
franciu Metal
0,69 g / amp-hr
Rank: 66 (Overall)
3,19 g / amp-hr
Rank: 14 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
ADD ⊕
9.9 Funcția de electroni de lucru
Platină Metal
4,30 eV
Rank: 18 (Overall)
2,16 eV
Rank: 45 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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9.10 Celelalte proprietăți chimice
anti coroziune, ionizarea, Izotopii radioactivi, Solubilitate
Coroziune, ionizarea, Izotopii radioactivi, Radioactivitate
10 Atomic
10.1 Numar atomic
Tennessine Metal
41
Rank: 71 (Overall)
37
Rank: 75 (Overall)
litiu Metal
ADD ⊕
10.2 Configuratie electronica
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Kr] 5s1
10.3 Structura de cristal
Corp Centrat cilindrică (CCA)
Corp Centrat cilindrică (CCA)
10.3.1 rețelei de cristal
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Numărul de Protonii
Tennessine Metal
41
Rank: 70 (Overall)
37
Rank: 74 (Overall)
litiu Metal
ADD ⊕
10.4.2 Numărul de Neutronii
Fleroviu Metal
52
Rank: 53 (Overall)
48
Rank: 56 (Overall)
litiu Metal
ADD ⊕
10.4.3 Numărul de Electronii
Tennessine Metal
41
Rank: 70 (Overall)
37
Rank: 74 (Overall)
litiu Metal
ADD ⊕
10.5 Raza unui Atom
10.5.1 Raza atomică
cesiu Metal
146,00 p.m
Rank: 35 (Overall)
248,00 p.m
Rank: 2 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
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10.5.2 Raza covalentă
franciu Metal
164,00 p.m
Rank: 28 (Overall)
220,00 p.m
Rank: 4 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
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10.5.3 Van der Waals Raza
franciu Metal
200,00 p.m
Rank: 28 (Overall)
303,00 p.m
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
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10.6 Greutate atomica
Tennessine Metal
92,91 amu
Rank: 65 (Overall)
85,47 amu
Rank: 69 (Overall)
litiu Metal
10.7 volum atomic
cesiu Metal
10,87 cm3 / mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
55,90 cm3 / mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Mangan Metal
ADD ⊕
10.8 Numere atomice adiacente
10.8.1 Elementul precedent
10.8.2 Elementul următor
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platină Metal
104,00 (-EV)
Rank: 8 (Overall)
9,47 (-EV)
Rank: 65 (Overall)
franciu Metal
ADD ⊕
10.10 Constant zabrele
Mangan Metal
330,04 p.m
Rank: 51 (Overall)
558,50 p.m
Rank: 10 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
10.11 zabrele Unghiuri
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.12 C latice / A Ratio
cadmiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
beriliului Metal
11 Mecanic
11.1 Densitate
11.1.1 Densitatea la temperatura camerei
hassiu Metal
8,57 g / cm3
Rank: 48 (Overall)
1,53 g / cm3
Rank: 81 (Overall)
litiu Metal
ADD ⊕
11.1.2 Densitate Când lichid (la mp)
Osmiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
1,46 g / cm3
Rank: 56 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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11.2 Rezistență la tracțiune
Fier Metal
330,00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
indiu Metal
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11.3 Viscozitate
Mercur Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercur Metal
11.4 Presiunea de vapori
11.4.1 Presiunea de vapori la 1000 K
Stronţiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
ceriu Metal
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11.4.2 Presiunea de vapori la 2000 K
Crom Metal
0,00 (Pa)
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
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11.5 Proprietățile elasticitate
11.5.1 shear Modulus
Osmiu Metal
38,00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Potasiu Metal
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11.5.2 Modulus în vrac
Osmiu Metal
170,00 GPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)
2,50 GPa
Rank: 49 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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11.5.3 Modulul lui Young
Iridiu Metal
105,00 GPa
Rank: 20 (Overall)
2,40 GPa
Rank: 57 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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11.6 poisson Raportul
Galiu Metal
0,40
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
beriliului Metal
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11.7 Alte proprietăți mecanice
Ductil, Maleabil
Ductil
12 Magnetic
12.1 Caracteristici magnetice
12.1.1 Gravitație specifică
Cobalt Metal
8,57
Rank: 37 (Overall)
1,53
Rank: 67 (Overall)
litiu Metal
ADD ⊕
12.1.2 Comenzi magnetice
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeabilitate
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismut Metal
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12.1.4 Susceptibil
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismut Metal
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12.2 Proprietăți electrice
12.2.1 Domeniul imobilier electrice
Conductor
Conductor
12.2.2 Rezistivitatea
Mercur Metal
152,00 nΩ · m
Rank: 23 (Overall)
128,00 nΩ · m
Rank: 26 (Overall)
taliu Metal
ADD ⊕
12.2.3 Conductivitate electrică
Argint Metal
0,07 10 6 / cm Ω
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0,08 10 6 / cm Ω
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Plutoniu Metal
ADD ⊕
12.2.4 electron afinitate
Aur Metal
86,10 kJ / mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
46,90 kJ / mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Mercur Metal
ADD ⊕
13 Termic
13.1 Căldura specifică
litiu Metal
0,26 J / (kg K)
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0,36 J / (kg K)
Rank: 17 (Overall)
americiu Metal
ADD ⊕
13.2 Molara Capacitatea de căldură
americiu Metal
24,60 J / mol · K
Rank: 50 (Overall)
31,06 J / mol · K
Rank: 5 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
ADD ⊕
13.3 Conductivitate termică
Argint Metal
53,70 W / m · K
Rank: 29 (Overall)
58,20 W / m · K
Rank: 26 (Overall)
neptuniu Metal
ADD ⊕
13.4 Temperatura critică
litiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
2.093,00 K
Rank: 4 (Overall)
yterbiu Metal
ADD ⊕
13.5 Expansiunea termică
cesiu Metal
7,30 pm / (m · K)
Rank: 48 (Overall)
90,00 pm / (m · K)
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
ADD ⊕
13.6 entalpia
13.6.1 Entalpia de Vaporizarea
Tungsten Metal
696,60 kJ / mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
69,20 kJ / mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
ADD ⊕
13.6.2 Entalpie Fusion
Tungsten Metal
27,20 kJ / mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
2,19 kJ / mol
Rank: 62 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
ADD ⊕
13.6.3 Entalpie de atomizare
Tungsten Metal
745,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
82,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Mercur Metal
ADD ⊕
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
protactiniu Met..
36,40 J / mol.K
Rank: 42 (Overall)
76,80 J / mol.K
Rank: 5 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
ADD ⊕