Promethium vs Uranium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
U
Group Number
Not Available
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7440611
28
Space Group Name
Not Available
Cmcm
Space Group Number
Not Available
63.00
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Not Available
Discovery
In 1942
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
1,132.00 °C
39
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
3,818.00 °C
16
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
2,350.00 MPa
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,960.00 MPa
2
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,155.00 m/s
25
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
U
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.38
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.22
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.62
26
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.63 eV
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
92
26
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
92
26
Number of Neutrons
84
40
146
13
Number of Electrons
61
99+
92
26
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
186.00 pm
33
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
238.03 amu
21
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
12.59 cm3/mol
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
Not Available
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
19.10 g/cm3
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
17.30 g/cm3
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
20
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
111.00 GPa
10
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
208.00 GPa
10
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.23
30
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
18.80
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
27.67 J/mol·K
15
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
27.50 W/m·K
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
477.00 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
489.50 kJ/mol
14
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
50.20 J/mol.K
31
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