Magnesium vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Zn
Group Number
2
16
12
6
Period Number
3
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1755
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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