Uranium vs Thallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
U
Tl
Group Number
0
18
13
5
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440611
28
7440280
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
63.00
10
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
William Crookes
Discovery
In 1789
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
5 * 10-9 %
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
11
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
34
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C
39
303.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C
16
1,457.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa
2
26.50 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s
25
818.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U
Tl
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38
28
1.62
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.25
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.96
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.79
13
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62
26
2.38
33
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
589.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol
14
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol
32
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr
2
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV
30
3.84 eV
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92
26
81
35
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
92
26
81
35
Number of Neutrons
146
13
123
20
Number of Electrons
92
26
81
35
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm
14
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm
33
196.00 pm
30
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu
21
204.38 amu
31
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol
40
17.20 cm3/mol
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
4
9.60 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
345.66 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.60
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3
17
11.85 g/cm3
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3
7
11.22 g/cm3
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
16.90 (Pa)
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)
20
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa
10
2.80 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
43.00 GPa
28
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa
10
8.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23
30
0.45
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
18.80
10
11.85
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
0.18 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
0.06 106/cm Ω
32
Electron Affinity
Not Available
19.20 kJ/mol
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K
15
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K
40
46.10 W/m·K
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
29.90 µm/(m·K)
12
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol
13
162.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
4.27 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol
14
179.90 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K
31
64.20 J/mol.K
19
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