Francium vs Calcium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr
Ca
Group Number
1
17
2
16
Period Number
7
4
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440735
18
7440702
21
Space Group Name
Not Available
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
Not Available
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
- Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1939
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
27.00 °C
99+
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
677.00 °C
99+
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
NA
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
170.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fr
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70
99+
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68
25
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
0.67
99+
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30
1
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol
99+
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr
1
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
87
31
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
87
31
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
136
17
20
99+
Number of Electrons
87
31
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm
1
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm
1
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu
27
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)
99+
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
Not Available
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m
99+
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
Not Available
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K
99+
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol
99+
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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