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Francium vs Calcium

Francium
Calcium
Calcium vs Francium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr   
Ca   
Group Number
1   
17
2   
16
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440735   
18
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1939   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
27.00 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
677.00 °C   
99+
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
NA   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fr   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70   
99+
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68   
25
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
0.67   
99+
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30   
1
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr   
1
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
87   
31
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87   
31
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
136   
17
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
87   
31
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm   
1
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm   
1
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu   
27
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)   
99+
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K   
99+
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol   
99+
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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