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Actinium vs Cadmium

Actinium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Cd  
Group Number
3  
15
12  
6
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1902  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
27
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s  
32
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
37
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV  
23
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
89  
29
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
89  
29
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
9
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm  
31
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
9
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
40
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm3  
40
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa  
33
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa  
17
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa  
16
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
99+
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
Periodic Table >>
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Actinide Series

Actinide Series

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