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Actinium vs Dubnium

Actinium
Dubnium
Dubnium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Db  
Group Number
3  
15
5  
13
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
53850354  
14
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1902  
In 1968  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
-  
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
27
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
38
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s  
32
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.20  
99+
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
55.00 %  
27
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Db  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
10  
28
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
37
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV  
23
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
89  
29
105  
13
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
105  
13
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
157  
8
Number of Electrons
89  
29
105  
13
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
9
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
149.00 pm  
37
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm  
31
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
268.00 amu  
10
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Rutherfordium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Seaborgium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
9
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
40
29.30 g/cm3  
5
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm3  
40
29.30 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa  
33
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
34.00 GPa  
22
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa  
17
39.00 GPa  
39
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa  
16
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
99+
39.00  
3
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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