1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
2.2 Block
2.3 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
2.4 CAS Number
74403487440202
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
3.2 Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel
Lars Fredrik Nilson
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.5 Abundance In Oceans
3.8.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,227.00 °C1,539.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C2,832.00 °C
147
5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
6.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
6.2.3 Luster
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
6.3.4 Brinell Hardness
6.3.6 Vickers Hardness
6.5 Speed of Sound
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
6.6.3 Reflectivity
7.2 Allotropes
7.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.6.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.7.1 Allen Electronegativity
8.8 Electropositivity
8.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.10 Ionization Energies
8.10.1 1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.10.3 2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.10.4 3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.10.6 4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol7,090.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.11.1 5th Energy Level
NA8,843.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.11.2 6th Energy Level
NA10,679.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.11.3 7th Energy level
NA13,310.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.11.4 8th Energy Level
NA15,250.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.11.5 9th Energy Level
NA17,370.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.11.6 10th Energy Level
NA21,726.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.11.7 11th Energy Level
NA24,102.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.11.8 12th Energy Level
NA66,320.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.11.9 13th Energy Level
NA73,010.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
8.11.10 14th Energy Level
NA80,160.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
8.11.11 15th Energy Level
NA89,490.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
8.11.12 16th Energy Level
NA97,400.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
8.11.13 17th Energy Level
NA105,600.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
8.11.14 18th Energy Level
NA117,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
8.11.15 19th Energy Level
NA124,270.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
8.11.16 20th Energy Level
8.11.17 21st Energy Level
8.11.18 22nd Energy Level
8.11.19 23rd Energy Level
8.11.20 24th Energy Level
8.11.21 25th Energy Level
8.11.22 26th Energy Level
8.11.23 27th Energy Level
8.11.24 28th Energy Level
8.11.25 29th Energy Level
8.11.26 30th Energy Level
8.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.13 Electron Work Function
8.14 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
195.00 pm162.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
9.6 Atomic Weight
227.00 amu44.96 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
567.00 pm330.90 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm32.99 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA91.30 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA314.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1