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Berkelium vs Copernicium

Berkelium
Copernicium
Copernicium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
Cn  
Group Number
14  
4
12  
6
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
54084263  
7
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
187.00  
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Copernicium was first synthesized in 1996 by a German research team.  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1949  
In 1996  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
240.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
3,570.00 MPa  
2
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
3,570.00 m/s  
30
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
45.00 %  
32
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
Cn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,154.90 kJ/mol  
2
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,170.00 kJ/mol  
9
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,245.40 kJ/mol  
9
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,499.70 kJ/mol  
23
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,850.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
26
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
16
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.60 kJ/mol  
14
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
28
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
357.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
2
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
3
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
112  
6
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
112  
6
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
285  
1
Number of Electrons
97  
21
112  
6
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
285.00 amu  
5
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
17.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Roentgenium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Nihonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
23.70 g/cm3  
7
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
23.70 g/cm3  
8
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
35.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
23.70  
9
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
4.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
13.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
13.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
13.80 µm/(m·K)  
31
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
357.20 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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