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Berkelium vs Seaborgium

Berkelium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
Sg  
Group Number
14  
4
6  
12
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1949  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
157  
8
Number of Electrons
97  
21
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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