Californium

Iron

Californium vs Iron

Californium

Iron

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA8

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

f block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74407137439896

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.

Californium metal is the heaviest metal.

Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.

2.2 Sources

Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Unknown

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1950

Before 5000 BC

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA1.1 * 10^-1 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.1 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA22.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA6.30 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.01 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.

Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research

Alloys, Sculptures, Statues

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3447.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

900.00 °C1,535.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,470.00 °C2,750.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

3.004.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA200.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA608.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA5,120.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NA65.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

Ferrite (alpha Iron)

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

beta Iron

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

gamma Iron

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

2026

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.301.83

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA2.20

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.201.64

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.80

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.702.17

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,206.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,267.00 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,599.00 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA7,240.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA9,560.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA12,060.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA14,580.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA22,540.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA25,290.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NA28,000.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NA31,920.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NA34,830.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NA37,840.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NA44,100.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NA47,206.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NA122,200.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NA131,000.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NA140,500.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NA152,600.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NA163,000.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NA173,600.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NA188,100.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NA195,200.00 kJ/mol

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.12 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA4.70 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

9826

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²

[Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

9826

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

15330

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

9826

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

186.00 pm126.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA132.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA200.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

251.00 amu55.85 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA7.10 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

44.50 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

338.00 pm286.65 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

15.10 g/cm³7.87 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA6.98 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NA11,000.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA36.80 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA82.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA170.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA211.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.29

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Malleable, Sectile

Ductile, Malleable, Weldable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

15.107.20

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Ferromagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NA6.3 * 10^-3 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NA2,00,000.00

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA96.10 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.10 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA15.70 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.44 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA25.10 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA80.40 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA11.80 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA351.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA14.90 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA414.20 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA27.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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