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Californium vs Molybdenum

Californium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Mo  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7439987  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Discovery
In 1950  
In 1778  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
2,617.00 °C  
5
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
4,612.00 °C  
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
1,400.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
5,400.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
58.00 %  
25
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Mo  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.16  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.15  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.16  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
2.16  
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.84  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.60 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
42  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
42  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
54  
99+
Number of Electrons
98  
20
42  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
154.00 pm  
34
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
95.95 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
88.60 (-eV)  
13
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
314.70 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.03  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
10.28 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
324.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
126.00 GPa  
8
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
329.00 GPa  
6
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
10.22  
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
29
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
138.00 W/m·K  
12
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
2,896.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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