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Californium vs Molybdenum

Californium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Mo   
Group Number
Not Available   
6   
12
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.30   
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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