Symbol
Ce
  
Lr
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
7
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Actinide
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Not Available
  
Space Group Number
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
  
Discovery
In 1803
  
In 1961–1971
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
  
23
~-9999 %
  
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
Medical Research
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
NA
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
  
Unknown
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
30
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.
  
14
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C
  
20
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C
  
23
Not Available
  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silver
  
Luster
Lustrous
  
Unknown Luster
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa
  
99+
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s
  
99+
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ce
  
Lr
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
470.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,428.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,228.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4,910.00 kJ/mol
  
21
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol
  
22
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr
  
99+
3.23 g/amp-hr
  
11
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available
  
Covalent Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol
  
17
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)
  
99+
Not Available
  
Lattice Constant
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
NA
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm
3
  
99+
Not Available
  
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Unknown
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Unknown
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Unknown
  
Resistivity
Not Available
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 10
6/cm Ω
  
99+
Not Available
  
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K
  
23
Not Available
  
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K
  
99+
Not Available
  
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Not Available
  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol
  
16
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol
  
99+
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol
  
23
Not Available
  
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K
  
12
Not Available