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Curium vs Cadmium

Curium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Curium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cm  
Cd  
Group Number
3  
15
12  
6
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440519  
36
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
1,340.00 °C  
34
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,110.00 °C  
31
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
461.00 MPa  
37
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cm  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
96  
22
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
96  
22
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
151  
11
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
96  
22
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
169.00 pm  
28
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Americium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Berkelium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
336.25 pm  
99+
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.67  
11
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.51 g/cm3  
26
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.85 g/cm3  
25
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.51  
28
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
1,340.00 K  
99+
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
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