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Cadmium vs Mendelevium


Mendelevium vs Cadmium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Cd   
Md   

Group Number
12   
6
Not Available   

Period Number
5   
7   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   

CAS Number
7440439   
99+
7440111   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
  • Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
  

Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   

Discovery
In 1817   
In 1955   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %   
21
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
31
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
28
Not Available   

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
11
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
  • Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
320.90 °C   
99+
827.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
765.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Unknown   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.00   
16
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa   
39
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Cd   
Md   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
34   
5
16   
23

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.69   
17
1.30   
32

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98   
9
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.20   
27

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53   
13
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.52   
27
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.31   
37
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
635.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
2,470.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,840.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
3.21 g/amp-hr   
12

Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
48   
99+
101   
17

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
[Rn] 5f13 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Not Known   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Mendelevium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
48   
99+
101   
17

Number of Neutrons
64   
99+
157   
7

Number of Electrons
48   
99+
101   
17

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
Not Available   

Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
Not Available   

Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm   
99+
246.00 pm   
8

Atomic Weight
112.41 amu   
99+
258.00 amu   
14

Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Silver
  
Fermium
  

Next Element
Indium
  
Nobelium
  

Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   

Lattice Constant
297.94 pm   
99+
Not Available   

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89   
1
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa   
16
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa   
35
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa   
29
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Unknown   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.65   
36
Not Available   

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Unknown   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Unknown   

Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
Not Available   

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