Symbol
Cd
  
Md
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
5
  
7
  
Block
d block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Actinide
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Not Available
  
Space Group Number
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
- Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  
Discovery
In 1817
  
In 1955
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %
  
21
~-9999 %
  
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
- Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
NA
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Unknown
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
24
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.
  
15
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Boiling Point
Not Available
  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
  
Unknown
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s
  
39
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Cd
  
Md
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
  
11
635.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol
  
32
1,235.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol
  
13
2,470.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
3,840.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
  
27
3.21 g/amp-hr
  
12
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
  
[Rn] 5f13 7s2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Not Known
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Mendelevium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available
  
Covalent Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
  
39
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Not Available
  
Lattice Constant
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
NA
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm
3
  
99+
Not Available
  
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Unknown
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Unknown
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
  
Unknown
  
Resistivity
Not Available
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 10
6/cm Ω
  
15
Not Available
  
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
26
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K
  
32
Not Available
  
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K
  
16
Not Available
  
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)
  
10
Not Available
  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol
  
99+
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Not Available
  
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K
  
27
Not Available