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Curium vs Palladium

Curium
Palladium
Palladium vs Curium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cm  
Pd  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440519  
36
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,340.00 °C  
34
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
3,110.00 °C  
31
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
461.00 MPa  
37
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cm  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
96  
22
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
96  
22
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
151  
11
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
96  
22
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
169.00 pm  
28
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Americium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Berkelium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
336.25 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.67  
11
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.51 g/cm3  
26
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.85 g/cm3  
25
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.51  
28
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,340.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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