Symbol
Ds
Rb
Group Number
101
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
75
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Probably Transition
Alkali
CAS Number
540837717440177
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
-
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
Darmstadtium is a synthetic element that is highly radioactive.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Sources
Synthetically Produced
Obtained from Lithium Production.
History
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1994
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
-0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
-0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
Industrial Uses
-
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Research Purposes
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
-38.89 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
0.00 °C688.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
-
Grayish White
Luster
Unknown Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.000.30
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.301.54
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
50.00 %52.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ds
Rb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
929
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.100.82
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.300.31
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.100.89
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.100.69
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.100.71
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.203.18
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
955.20 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,891.10 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,029.60 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,955.90 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,113.70 kJ/mol6,850.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
10,700.00 kJ/mol8,140.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
3,540.00 kJ/mol9,570.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
6,630.00 kJ/mol13,120.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,180.00 kJ/mol14,500.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
10,700.00 kJ/mol26,740.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
3,540.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
34,800.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
34,400.00 kJ/mol40,300.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
34,800.00 kJ/mol40,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
1,139.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
1,080.00 kJ/mol4,030.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
1,139.90 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
1,080.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
350.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
1,100.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
582.30 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
663.20 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV2.16 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
11037
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2
[Kr] 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
11037
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
16148
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
11037
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
132.00 pm248.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm220.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm303.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
281.00 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
20.50 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
0.00 pm558.50 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.611.59
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
35.00 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
34.80 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa30.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa2.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
38.00 GPa2.50 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa2.40 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.250.37
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
34.801.53
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
-
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Conductor
Resistivity
8.30 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
-46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.30 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K2,093.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
12.90 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.90 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
-2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
-82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻