Dubnium

Gallium

Dubnium vs Gallium

Dubnium

Gallium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

513

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

p block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

Post-Transition

1.6 CAS Number

538503547440553

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

Cmca

1.8 Space Group Number

NA64.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.

In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.

A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.

2.2 Sources

Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Lecoq de Boisbaudran

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1968

In 1875

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA1 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.000004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.

Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.

Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Research Purposes

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.08 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

NA29.78 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA2,403.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Unknown

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA1.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA56.80 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA2,740.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

1024

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA1.81

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA2.42

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.82

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA2.01

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.76

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA2.19

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

664.80 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,546.70 kJ/mol1,979.30 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,378.40 kJ/mol2,963.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,298.80 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

4,305.20 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

NA0.87 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA4.20 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

10531

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Orthorhombic (ORTH)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

10531

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

15739

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

10531

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

139.00 pm135.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

149.00 pm122.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA187.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

268.00 amu69.72 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA11.80 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA69.70 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA451.97 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

29.30 g/cm³5.91 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA6.10 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NANA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NANA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA9.80 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.47

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA5.91

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Semiconductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA270.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.07 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA28.90 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.37 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA25.86 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA40.60 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA18.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA256.10 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA5.59 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA276.10 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA40.80 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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