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Einsteinium vs Magnesium

Einsteinium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Einsteinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Es  
Mg  
Group Number
13  
5
2  
16
Period Number
7  
3  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7429927  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
  • Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
860.00 °C  
99+
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
996.00 °C  
99+
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
240.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,850.00 m/s  
40
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Es  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,334.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
3,734.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
40
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
4,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
12
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
28
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
40
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
30
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
38
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.74 g/amp-hr  
5
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
99  
19
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f11 7s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
99  
19
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
99  
19
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
252.00 amu  
16
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.04 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Californium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Fermium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
582.00 pm  
8
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.84  
99+
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.30 nΩ·m  
99+
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
15
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
1,133.00 K  
99+
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.50 µm/(m·K)  
33
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
323.80 kJ/mol  
99+
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.80 kJ/mol  
24
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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