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Einsteinium vs Nickel

Einsteinium
Nickel
Nickel vs Einsteinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Es  
Ni  
Group Number
13  
5
10  
8
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7429927  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
  • Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
860.00 °C  
99+
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
996.00 °C  
99+
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
240.00 MPa  
99+
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
2,850.00 m/s  
40
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Es  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,334.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
3,734.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
4,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
12
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
39
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
28
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
40
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
30
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
38
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.74 g/amp-hr  
5
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
99  
19
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f11 7s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
99  
19
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
99  
19
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
252.00 amu  
16
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.04 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Californium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Fermium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
582.00 pm  
8
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.84  
99+
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.30 nΩ·m  
99+
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
15
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
1,133.00 K  
99+
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
13.50 µm/(m·K)  
33
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
323.80 kJ/mol  
99+
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.80 kJ/mol  
24
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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