1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74407247440031
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
- Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
2.2 Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Charles Hatchett
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,527.00 °C2,468.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
1.2.1 Vickers Hardness
1.3 Speed of Sound
1.8 Optical Properties
1.8.1 Refractive Index
1.10.1 Reflectivity
2.8 Allotropes
2.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3 Chemical
3.1 Chemical Formula
3.2 Isotopes
3.2.1 Known Isotopes
3.5 Electronegativity
3.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
3.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.4.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
4.4.8 Allen Electronegativity
4.5 Electropositivity
4.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.3 Ionization Energies
5.3.1 1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.3.3 2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.3.6 3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol2,416.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.2.4 4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol3,700.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.3.1 5th Energy Level
NA4,877.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.1.1 6th Energy Level
NA9,847.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.3.2 7th Energy level
NA12,100.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.4.1 8th Energy Level
8.4.3 9th Energy Level
8.6.2 10th Energy Level
8.6.5 11th Energy Level
8.6.6 12th Energy Level
8.7.1 13th Energy Level
8.7.3 14th Energy Level
8.8.2 15th Energy Level
8.9.2 16th Energy Level
8.9.3 17th Energy Level
9.3.2 18th Energy Level
9.3.3 19th Energy Level
9.4.2 20th Energy Level
9.5.3 21st Energy Level
10.2.3 22nd Energy Level
10.2.4 23rd Energy Level
10.2.6 24th Energy Level
10.3.2 25th Energy Level
10.3.3 26th Energy Level
10.3.5 27th Energy Level
10.3.7 28th Energy Level
10.4.2 29th Energy Level
10.5.2 30th Energy Level
10.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.7 Electron Work Function
10.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
11.3 Crystal Structure
Not Known
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.4.4 Number of Neutrons
11.5.3 Number of Electrons
11.7 Radius of an Atom
11.7.1 Atomic Radius
11.7.4 Covalent Radius
11.7.7 Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
11.8 Atomic Weight
257.00 amu92.91 amu
6.94
294
11.9 Atomic Volume
NA10.87 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.10.1 Previous Element
11.10.2 Next Element
11.11 Valence Electron Potential
11.12 Lattice Constant
NA330.04 pm
228.58
891.25
11.13 Lattice Angles
11.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.1.5 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.4.6 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.5 Elasticity properties
12.5.1 Shear Modulus
12.5.5 Bulk Modulus
12.5.8 Young's Modulus
12.6 Poisson Ratio
12.8 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
13.2.2 Permeability
13.3.1 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
14.5.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.5.6 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.6 Thermal Conductivity
16.7 Critical Temperature
16.8 Thermal Expansion
16.10 Enthalpy
16.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA696.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.12.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.14.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.17 Standard Molar Entropy
NA36.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1