1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
2.5 CAS Number
74405867439896
7429905
54386242
2.7 Space Group Name
2.8 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
3.2 Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Unknown
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %1.1 * 10-1 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.5 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.1 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.8 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.5 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.7 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
-
It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.7 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
2,150.00 °C1,535.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C2,750.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.1.1 Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa608.00 MPa
121
3430
6.5 Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s5,120.00 m/s
818
16200
6.7 Optical Properties
6.7.1 Refractive Index
6.8.1 Reflectivity
6.9 Allotropes
6.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
6.10.2 β Allotropes
6.10.3 γ Allotropes
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.5 Electronegativity
7.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.8.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.1.4 Allen Electronegativity
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.6 Ionization Energies
8.6.1 1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.2 3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.4 4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.6 5th Energy Level
NA7,240.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.7.7 6th Energy Level
NA9,560.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.8.1 7th Energy level
NA12,060.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.1.2 8th Energy Level
NA14,580.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.1.5 9th Energy Level
NA22,540.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.1.7 10th Energy Level
NA25,290.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.2.3 11th Energy Level
NA28,000.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
9.2.5 12th Energy Level
NA31,920.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
9.2.6 13th Energy Level
NA34,830.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
9.2.8 14th Energy Level
NA37,840.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
10.1.1 15th Energy Level
NA44,100.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
10.2.1 16th Energy Level
NA47,206.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
10.3.1 17th Energy Level
NA122,200.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
10.3.2 18th Energy Level
NA131,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
10.4.1 19th Energy Level
NA140,500.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
10.5.1 20th Energy Level
NA152,600.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
10.6.2 21st Energy Level
NA163,000.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
10.6.3 22nd Energy Level
NA173,600.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
10.6.5 23rd Energy Level
NA188,100.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
10.6.6 24th Energy Level
NA195,200.00 kJ/mol
104400
195200
10.6.8 25th Energy Level
10.6.9 26th Energy Level
10.7.1 27th Energy Level
10.7.2 28th Energy Level
10.7.3 29th Energy Level
10.7.4 30th Energy Level
10.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.9 Electron Work Function
10.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
11.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.4.2 Number of Neutrons
11.4.3 Number of Electrons
11.5 Radius of an Atom
11.5.1 Atomic Radius
159.00 pm126.00 pm
112
265
11.5.2 Covalent Radius
175.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
11.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
11.6 Atomic Weight
178.49 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
11.7 Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.8.1 Previous Element
11.8.2 Next Element
11.9 Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.10 Lattice Constant
319.64 pm286.65 pm
228.58
891.25
11.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.2 Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa11,000.00 MPa
2.5
11000
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)36.80 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
12.5 Elasticity properties
12.5.1 Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.5.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa170.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.5.3 Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa211.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.6 Poisson Ratio
12.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
NA6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
13.1.4 Susceptibility
NA2,00,000.00
-0.000166
200000
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.7 Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1