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Hafnium
Hafnium

Molybdenum
Molybdenum



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Molybdenum

Hafnium Molybdenum Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Hf
Mo
1.2 Group Number
46
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
65
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74405867439987
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
2.2 Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1922
In 1778
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %5 * 10-7 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000009 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.70 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
2,150.00 °C2,617.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C4,612.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.505.50
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa1,370.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa1,400.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s5,400.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NA58.00 %
Silver Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Hf
Mo
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3225
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.302.16
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.15
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.231.30
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.162.16
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.701.84
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol684.30 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol1,560.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol2,618.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol4,480.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA5,257.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA6,640.80 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,125.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA13,860.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA15,835.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA17,980.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA20,190.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA22,219.00 kJ/mol
Copper
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA26,930.00 kJ/mol
Vanadium
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA29,196.00 kJ/mol
Iron
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA52,490.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA55,000.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA61,400.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA67,700.00 kJ/mol
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA74,000.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA80,400.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA87,000.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA98,420.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NA104,400.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NA121,900.00 kJ/mol
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NA127,700.00 kJ/mol
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NA133,800.00 kJ/mol
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NA139,800.00 kJ/mol
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NA148,100.00 kJ/mol
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NA154,500.00 kJ/mol
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr0.89 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
3.90 eV4.60 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
7242
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
7242
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10654
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
7242
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
159.00 pm139.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
175.00 pm154.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
178.49 amu95.95 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol9.40 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)88.60 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
319.64 pm314.70 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm310.28 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm39.33 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa324.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa126.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa230.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa329.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.370.31
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Weldable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.3110.22
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m53.40 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol71.90 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.25 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K138.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)4.80 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol594.10 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol27.61 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol653.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K28.70 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1