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Hassium vs Cadmium

Hassium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Hassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hs  
Cd  
Group Number
8  
10
12  
6
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54037579  
11
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hassium metals rate of decay is very high.
  • Hassium metals 1st sample was synthesized through a nuclear reaction.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1984  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Hassium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
-  
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.50  
10
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
230.00 MPa  
99+
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
2,450.00 MPa  
5
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
69.00 %  
14
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hs  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
7  
31
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
733.30 kJ/mol  
26
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,756.00 kJ/mol  
25
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,827.00 kJ/mol  
37
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
3,637.50 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,175.10 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
7,535.50 kJ/mol  
32
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
8,857.40 kJ/mol  
21
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
4,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
1,124.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
68,200.00 kJ/mol  
31
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
32,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
1,089.00 kJ/mol  
22
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
1,086.50 kJ/mol  
19
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
1,086.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
540.90 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
108  
10
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
108  
10
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
158  
7
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
108  
10
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
269.00 amu  
9
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.70 cm3/mol  
18
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bohrium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Meitnerium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.31  
99+
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
40.70 g/cm3  
1
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
41.00 g/cm3  
1
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
27
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
40.00 GPa  
19
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
40.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
41.00  
2
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
25
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
41.00 nΩ·m  
99+
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
63.20 kJ/mol  
19
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
25.92 J/mol·K  
99+
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
21.20 µm/(m·K)  
23
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
126.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.20 J/mol.K  
29
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
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