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Lawrencium vs Americium

Lawrencium
Americium
Americium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Am  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440359  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
994.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,607.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
2,750.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
64.00 %  
19
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Am  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
22
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
23
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
3.02 g/amp-hr  
20
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
95  
23
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
95  
23
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
148  
13
Number of Electrons
103  
15
95  
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
173.00 pm  
23
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
243.00 amu  
20
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
17.86 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
44.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
346.81 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
12.00 g/cm3  
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
13.67 g/cm3  
26
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
13
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
26.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
32
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
58.00 GPa  
36
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
13.67  
26
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
63.90 kJ/mol  
18
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,449.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.60 µm/(m·K)  
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
161.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
14.39 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
268.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
63.10 J/mol.K  
23
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