Lawrencium

Indium

Lawrencium vs Indium

Lawrencium

Indium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA13

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

p block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Post-Transition

1.6 CAS Number

225371957440746

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

I4/mmm

1.8 Space Group Number

NA139.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

It is synthetically produced metal.
Radiation hazard can be produce by it.

Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.

2.2 Sources

Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining

Mining, Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1961–1971

In 1863

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA3 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.

It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.

Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Medical Research

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,627.00 °C156.61 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA2,000.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Silvery Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Lustrous

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA1.20

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA8.80 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA1,215.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

1035

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA1.78

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA2.14

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.49

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.76

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.66

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA2.22

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

470.00 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,428.00 kJ/mol1,820.70 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,228.00 kJ/mol2,704.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,910.00 kJ/mol5,210.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.23 g/amp-hr1.43 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA4.12 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

10349

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Tetragonal (TETR)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

10349

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

15766

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

10349

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA167.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA142.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

246.00 pm193.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

266.00 amu114.82 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA15.70 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA54.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA325.23 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

NA7.31 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA7.02 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NA2.50 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.01 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NANA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NANA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA11.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.32NA

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA7.31

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA83.70 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.12 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA28.90 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.23 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA26.74 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA81.80 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA32.10 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA226.40 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA3.28 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA242.70 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA57.80 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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