Lawrencium

Rubidium

Lawrencium vs Rubidium

Lawrencium

Rubidium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA1

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

s block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Alkali

1.6 CAS Number

225371957440177

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

NA229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

It is synthetically produced metal.
Radiation hazard can be produce by it.

Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.

2.2 Sources

Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining

Obtained from Lithium Production.

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1961–1971

In 1861

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA1 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.000003 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.

Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,627.00 °C38.89 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA688.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Grayish White

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA0.30

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA0.22 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA1,300.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

1029

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA0.82

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA0.31

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA0.89

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA0.69

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA0.71

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA3.18

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

470.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,428.00 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,228.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,910.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA6,850.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA8,140.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA9,570.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA13,120.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA14,500.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA26,740.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.23 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA2.16 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

10337

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹

[Kr] 5s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

10337

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

15748

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

10337

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA248.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA220.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

246.00 pm303.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

266.00 amu85.47 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA55.90 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA9.47 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA558.50 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

NA1.53 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA1.46 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NANA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA2.50 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA2.40 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.32NA

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA1.53

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA128.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.08 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA46.90 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.36 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA31.06 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA58.20 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NA2,093.00 K

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA90.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA69.20 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA2.19 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA82.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA76.80 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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