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Lawrencium vs Rutherfordium

Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Rf  
Group Number
3  
15
4  
14
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
-  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
-  
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
157  
8
Number of Electrons
103  
15
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
-  
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
-  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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