1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.11 CAS Number
225371957440202
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
3.2 Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Lars Fredrik Nilson
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.5 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.7 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.9 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.12 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.15 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,627.00 °C1,539.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.4 Brinell Hardness
7.1.2 Vickers Hardness
7.3 Speed of Sound
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
7.6.3 Reflectivity
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.8 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.3.3 Allen Electronegativity
1.4 Electropositivity
1.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.5 Ionization Energies
2.5.1 1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
2.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
2.10.2 3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol
1600
34230
3.1.1 4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol7,090.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
3.4.1 5th Energy Level
NA8,843.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
4.4.2 6th Energy Level
NA10,679.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
4.4.6 7th Energy level
NA13,310.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
4.4.8 8th Energy Level
NA15,250.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
4.4.11 9th Energy Level
NA17,370.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
4.4.14 10th Energy Level
NA21,726.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
4.6.2 11th Energy Level
NA24,102.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
4.6.6 12th Energy Level
NA66,320.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.2.2 13th Energy Level
NA73,010.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
5.2.5 14th Energy Level
NA80,160.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
5.3.3 15th Energy Level
NA89,490.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
6.1.1 16th Energy Level
NA97,400.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
6.1.3 17th Energy Level
NA105,600.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
6.4.1 18th Energy Level
NA117,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
6.5.2 19th Energy Level
NA124,270.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
6.7.1 20th Energy Level
6.7.2 21st Energy Level
6.7.4 22nd Energy Level
6.7.5 23rd Energy Level
6.9.1 24th Energy Level
6.9.4 25th Energy Level
7.1.2 26th Energy Level
7.2.1 27th Energy Level
7.2.3 28th Energy Level
7.3.2 29th Energy Level
7.3.5 30th Energy Level
8.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.4 Electron Work Function
8.7 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
9.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
9.6.4 Number of Neutrons
9.6.8 Number of Electrons
9.8 Radius of an Atom
9.8.1 Atomic Radius
9.9.2 Covalent Radius
9.10.2 Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm211.00 pm
139
348
9.11 Atomic Weight
266.00 amu44.96 amu
6.94
294
9.12 Atomic Volume
NA15.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.13.1 Previous Element
9.13.2 Next Element
9.14 Valence Electron Potential
9.15 Lattice Constant
NA330.90 pm
228.58
891.25
9.16 Lattice Angles
9.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA91.30 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
11.6.3 Bulk Modulus
11.6.6 Young's Modulus
11.7 Poisson Ratio
11.8 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.5 Permeability
12.1.9 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
13.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.1.5 Electron Affinity
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA25.52 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.4 Thermal Conductivity
14.6 Critical Temperature
14.7 Thermal Expansion
15.2 Enthalpy
15.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA314.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.3.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.7.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
15.9 Standard Molar Entropy
NA34.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1