Livermorium

Cadmium

Livermorium vs Cadmium

Livermorium

Cadmium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1612

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

p block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Probably Post-Transition

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

541007197440439

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

NA194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Not Available

Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.

Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.

It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.

It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.

2.2 Sources

Synthetically Produced

Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer

2.3.2 Discovery

In 2000

In 1817

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000006 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.

It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Research Purposes

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

NA1.80 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

NA320.90 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA765.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Unknown

Silvery Bluish-Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA2.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA203.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA2,310.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NA67.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

534

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA1.69

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.98

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.46

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.53

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.52

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA2.31

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

723.60 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,331.50 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,846.30 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,811.20 kJ/molNA

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

6,078.60 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

NA2.10 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA4.22 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

11648

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Not Known

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

11648

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

16064

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

11648

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA151.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA144.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA158.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

293.00 amu112.41 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA13.10 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA30.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA297.94 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.89

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

NA8.65 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA8.00 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NA62.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA19.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA42.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA50.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.30

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA8.65

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Semiconductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA72.70 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.14 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA0.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.23 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA26.02 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA96.60 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA30.80 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA100.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA6.19 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA113.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA51.80 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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