Symbol
Lv
Pm
Group Number
163
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
76
2
7
👆🏻
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Probably Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
541007197440122
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
-
-
Space Group Number
166.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
Synthetically Produced
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 2000
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
--
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
--
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
-0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
-
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Research Purposes
-
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.50 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
-1,042.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,500.00 °C3,000.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
-
-
Luster
Unknown Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
--
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa400.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa600.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,600.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.901.70
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
66.00 %63.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Lv
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
527
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.001.13
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.901.13
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.901.07
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.901.13
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.901.13
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.002.20
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
723.60 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,331.50 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,846.30 kJ/mol2,150.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,811.20 kJ/mol3,970.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,078.60 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,090.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
6,200.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
1,168.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
70,900.00 kJ/mol54,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol54,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol540.50 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
1,169.70 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
370.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
548.90 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr1.80 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV5.30 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
11661
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Not Known
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
11661
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
16084
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
11661
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm183.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
183.00 pm199.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm236.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
293.00 amu145.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
22.90 cm3/mol22.39 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)44.10 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
362.15 pm-
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.601.63
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.90 g/cm37.26 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.90 g/cm37.26 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa75.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
28.50 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa33.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
12.50 GPa46.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.300.28
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.007.26
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Conductor
Resistivity
0.50 nΩ·m0.75 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω0.00 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K27.60 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K17.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K1,315.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
9.70 µm/(m·K)9.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
722.00 kJ/mol289.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
-7.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
380.50 kJ/mol310.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K57.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻