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Lutetium Palladium Comparison

Lutetium
Palladium
Palladium Lutetium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu  
Pd  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439943  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1906  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C  
19
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C  
20
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.50  
10
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa  
11
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
14
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,200.00 m/s  
10
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lu  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27  
35
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.27  
27
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.27  
34
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.27  
99+
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73  
20
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
5,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol  
28
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr  
27
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV  
99+
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
71  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
71  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
104  
31
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
71  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu  
40
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Hafnium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)  
27
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
32
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3  
99+
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3  
99+
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
230.00 MPa  
18
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
35
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)  
11
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa  
33
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa  
25
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa  
32
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.84  
99+
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
14
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m  
9
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K  
31
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,925.00 K  
23
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol  
32
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol  
13
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol  
26
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K  
99+
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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